%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 2 /Kids [ 2 0 R 124 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF2ca8dd00 76 0 R /QuickPDFF9d1eff48 123 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 126 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20220919115545+02'00') /ModDate (D:20220919115547+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3341 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF9d1eff48 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 67.1908 770.8329 Tm (A Study into the Distinction Between Ellipsoid and Planar Computations in a)Tj 1 0 0 1 214.8278 752.1709 Tm (Geodetic Traverse Network)Tj ET /QuickPDFF9d1eff48 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 23.5123 717.2179 Tm (Olusola Omogunloye, Osagie Egogo-Stanley, Olufemi Olunlade, Oludayo Abiodun and Babatunde Ojegbile \(Nigeria\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF9d1eff48 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.188 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF2ca8dd00 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 675.188 Tm 14.454 TL (Cadastre; Deformation measurement; Engineering survey; Geoinformation/GI;)' (GNSS/GPS; Positioning; Reference frames; Standards)' ET /QuickPDFF9d1eff48 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.6683 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF2ca8dd00 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (A Study into the Distinction Between Ellipsoid and Planar Computations in a Geodetic Traverse Network \(11530\))' (Olusola Omogunloye, Osagie Egogo-Stanley, Olufemi Olunlade, Oludayo Abiodun and Babatunde Ojegbile \(Nigeria\))' ()' (FIG Congress 2022)' (Volunteering for the future - Geospatial excellence for a better living)' (Warsaw, Poland, 1115 September 2022)' ET /QuickPDFF2ca8dd00 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 604.3219 Tm 14.454 TL (ABSTRACT)' ()' (In carrying out measurements and computations spanning large distances, it is imperative to make some)' (geodetic considerations such as the curve nature of the earths surface. In general, these distances are)' (computed in relation to the reference spheroid. On the reference ellipsoid/spheroid such length is a geodesic.)' (A geodesic is the line of least curvature between two points on the surface of an ellipsoid. This study seeks to)' (explore and showcase the distinctions between computations carried out with ellipsoidal considerations and)' (computations with planar considerations as well as the effect of attempting to utilize planar computation)' (methods on ellipsoidal/curvilinear traverses. The ellipsoidal computations were accomplished using the)' (Vincenty solutions. )' ()' (Examination of the forward and reverse azimuths of the geodesic shows that unlike in the case of a plane)' (line, the difference between these azimuths does not amount to 180o but varies per geodesic. Further analysis)' (into possible trends in this deviation indicates that longer lengths experience greater deviations. The)' (formulated geodetic traverse possessed a linear misclosure of 2.291e-07m. However, attempting to utilize)' (planar computation model on the geodetic traverse gave rise to a linear misclosure of 3646.43454738m.)' (When the computed co-ordinates from each of the methods were compared with their corresponding true)' (values, the differences produced absolute positional discrepancies, whose computed root mean square values)' (are respectively 9.289e-08m for Ellipsoidal model and 2179.00433902m for Planar model, thus indicating)' (that planar computation methods are not suitable for geodetic traverses. The results of this study serve to)' (showcase the effect of attempting to compute and adjust the formulated geodetic traverse using planar)' (computation methods.)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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