%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFae4d6b72 71 0 R /QuickPDFFec75ece1 118 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 119 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20180514134016+02'00') /ModDate (D:20180514134016+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 2941 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFFec75ece1 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 138.0238 770.8329 Tm (Benefits of Triple-Frequency for Cycle-Slip Detection)Tj ET /QuickPDFFec75ece1 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 36.8388 731.3912 Tm (Zhao Dong Sheng, Craig Hancock \(China, PR\), Gethin Roberts \(Faroe Islands\) and Lawrence Lau \(China, PR\))Tj ET /QuickPDFFec75ece1 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.6683 Tm 15.996 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFae4d6b72 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.6683 Tm 15.768 TL (Engineering survey; GNSS/GPS; Positioning)' ET /QuickPDFFec75ece1 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.3218 Tm 15.996 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFae4d6b72 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.9753 Tm 15.768 TL (At the time of writing, all the Global Navigation Satellite Systems \(GNSS\) support or are designed)' (to support triple- or multi- frequency, which is expected to have advantages over single- and dual-)' (frequency. This paper will conduct research on how triple-frequency can benefit the cycle-slip)' (detection process. Correctly detecting and repairing cycle slips can help extend the latency of the)' (fixed ambiguities, estimate the ionospheric delay, reduce the measurement noise and finally)' (improve the positioning precision of the carrier phase. This paper will firstly review the widely used)' (cycle-slip detection methods, including polynomial fitting, high-order phase differencing, Doppler)' (integration, phase combinations, and the Hatch-Melbourne-Wbbena \(HMW\) combination. For)' (applying triple-frequency in cycle-slip detection, we will introduce the three-carrier ambiguity)' (resolution \(TCAR\) and then modify TCAR to eliminate the effect of the ionospheric bias and)' (reduce the measurement noise on the detection value. All the mentioned methods will be tested and)' (compared using triple-frequency Galileo data observed in both static and kinematic conditions. The)' (success rate and the incorrectly detected rate will be adopted as the evaluation of the detection)' (performance. The results show that the performance of the triple-frequency method has a higher)' (success rate and a lower incorrect detection rate than those using single- and dual- frequency)' (methods, while the modified TCAR has many advantages in data samples with large intervals,)' (which indicates this modification can enable this method to be used in more application scenarios. )' ET /QuickPDFFae4d6b72 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Benefits of Triple-Frequency for Cycle-Slip Detection \(9503\))' (Zhao Dong Sheng, Craig Hancock \(China, PR\), Gethin Roberts \(Faroe Islands\) and Lawrence Lau \(China, PR\))' ()' (FIG Congress 2018)' (Embracing our smart world where the continents connect: enhancing the geospatial maturity of societies )' (Istanbul, Turkey, May 611, 2018)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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